5.9.4. Bibliographic references (revised)

Reference to a complete work

The following order of elements, separated by commas, should be adopted:

1. author or editor (the role of editor is indicated by ‘(ed.)’ or ‘(eds)’):
   • corporate author and/or
   • author’s surname and initial(s) or first name;
2. title of the work in italics and, where appropriate, edition number;
3. publisher, place of publication (optional), year of publication, etc.;
4. if available, persistent identifier in the form of a uniform resource identifier (URI), for example a DOI:

Reference to part of a work (contribution or chapter)

The following order of elements, separated by commas, should be adopted:

1. author:
   • corporate author and/or
   • author’s surname and initial(s) or first name;
2. title of the contribution or chapter, within quotation marks;
3. editor of the work, preceded by ‘in:’ and followed by ‘(ed.)’ (or ‘(eds)’);
4. title of the work in italics and, where appropriate, edition number;
5. publisher, place of publication (optional), year of publication, relevant page(s), etc.;
6. if available, persistent identifier in the form of a URI, for example a DOI:

Reference to a serial publication or to part of one

The following order of elements, separated by commas, should be adopted:

1. if available, author:
   • corporate author and/or
   • author’s surname and initial(s) or first name;
2. where appropriate, title of the article or entire issue, within quotation marks;
3. title of the serial publication in italics;
4. number or date;
5. publisher (optional), place of publication (optional), year of publication, relevant page(s), etc.;
6. if available, persistent identifier in the form of a URI, for example a DOI:

Reference to grey literature (working papers, reports, meeting minutes, etc.)

The following order of elements, separated by commas, should be adopted:

1. author:
   • corporate author and
   • where appropriate, author’s surname and initial(s) or first name;
2. title of the document, within quotation marks;
3. document number / register reference;
4. date of the document;
5. if available, URI/URL address:

Reference to a dataset

The following order of elements, separated by commas, should be adopted:

1. author:
   • corporate author and/or
   • author’s surname and initial(s) or first name;
2. title of the dataset, within quotation marks;
3. where appropriate, version/edition number;
4. publisher, if different from author;
5. date of publication:
   • date of creation or
   • if the source has been updated, date of update and, in brackets, date of creation;
6. date of citation (indicating the date on which the source was accessed);
7. persistent identifier in the form of a URI, for example a DOI or another persistent and resolvable identifier managed by the data provider:

Reference to a web page

The following order of elements, separated by commas, should be adopted:

1. author:
   • corporate author and/or
   • author’s surname and initial(s) or first name;
2. title of the web page, within quotation marks;
3. title of the website;
4. if available, date of publication:
   • date of creation or
   • if the source has been updated, date of update and, in brackets, date of creation;
5. date of citation (indicating the date on which the source was accessed);
6. URI/URL address:

Reference to a social media post

The following order of elements, separated by commas, should be adopted:

1. author:
   • corporate author or
   • author’s surname and initial(s) or first name;
2. author’s social media identity preceded by social media name and a colon, in brackets;
3. title or (abbreviated) content of the post, within quotation marks;
4. in the case of a repost, name and social media identity of original author;
5. date of publication;
6. date of citation (indicating the date on which the source was accessed);
7. URI/URL address:

In-text references

References in the text use the author’s surname / corporate author’s name and year of publication, for example ‘(Barrett, 1991)’.

Where an author has two or more publications cited from the same year, the year of publication is followed by a lower-case ‘a’, ‘b’, ‘c’, etc., without a space, for example ‘(Barrett, 1991a)’:

In this case, the entries in the bibliography have the year in the second position, between brackets, and not in the last or second-last position:

General

References to works with multiple authors cite all authors of the work when the total number of authors (including the corporate author) is five or fewer, or the first five authors and ‘et al.’ when the total number of authors exceeds five:

For convenience, the usual abbreviations should be used: cont., p., Vol., etc. (see Annex A3). Any explanatory information, such as edition, place of publication, etc., should be given in English, even if the publication is only available in another language.